Working principle and structural composition of alternator set

1. Structure The basic structure of a
diesel generator set is composed of a diesel engine and a generator, and the diesel engine acts as a power to drive the generator to generate electricity.
Let’s first talk about the basic structure of a diesel engine: it consists of components such as cylinders, pistons, cylinder heads, intake valves, exhaust valves, piston pins, connecting rods, crankshafts, bearings and flywheels. The diesel engine of a diesel generator is generally a single-cylinder or multi-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine. Let’s talk about the basic working principle of a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine: the diesel engine starts by rotating the diesel engine crankshaft through manpower or other power to make the piston reciprocate up and down in the airtight cylinder on the top. The piston completes four strokes during movement: intake stroke, compression stroke, combustion and work (expansion) stroke and exhaust stroke. When the piston moves from top to bottom, the intake valve opens, and the fresh air filtered through the air filter enters the cylinder to complete the intake stroke. The piston moves from bottom to top, the inlet and exhaust valves are closed, the air is compressed, the temperature and pressure increase, completing the compression process. When the piston is about to reach its apex, the injector sprays the filtered fuel into the combustion chamber in a mist and mixes it with high temperature and high pressure air and immediately starts to burn on its own. The high pressure formed pushes the piston downward to perform work, pushes the crankshaft to rotate, and completes the work stroke. After the work stroke is completed, the piston moves from bottom to top, the exhaust valve opens the exhaust gas, and completes the exhaust gas stroke. Each stroke crankshaft rotates half a turn. After several working cycles, the diesel engine gradually accelerates to work under the inertia of the flywheel.
The rotating of the diesel engine crankshaft drives the generator to rotate and generate electricity. The generators include DC generators and alternators.
2. Principle:
DC generator is mainly composed of a generator case, a magnetic pole core, a magnetic field coil, an armature and a carbon brush.
Working power generation principle: When the diesel engine drives the generator armature to rotate, since there is residual magnetism in the magnetic pole core of the generator, the armature coil cuts magnetic lines in the magnetic field. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, current is generated by magnetic induction and output current through carbon brushes.
The alternator is mainly composed of magnetic materials to make multiple permanent magnets (called rotors) alternately arranged in the north and south poles and made of silicon cast iron and armature coils (called stators) wrapped with multiple sets of series coils. The principle of working power generation: The rotor is driven by a diesel engine to cut magnetic lines axially. The magnetic poles alternately arranged in the stator form an alternating magnetic field in the iron core of the coil. The rotor rotates one circle, and the direction and size of the magnetic flux change many times. Due to the transformation of the magnetic field, an induced current with both magnitude and direction will be generated in the coil and the current will be sent from the stator coil.
In order to protect the electrical equipment and maintain its normal operation, the current emitted by the generator also requires a regulator to regulate and control, etc.