Key points to note when using diesel engine lubricating oil

The lubricating oil of diesel generator sets is a type of petrochemical products with many varieties and a wide range of uses. The lubricating oil can protect the unit well and reduce friction.At the same time, lubricating oil is a technology-intensive product.Only by doing a good job in lubricating oil management and using lubricating oil correctly can the technical performance of lubricating oil be exerted, which can ensure the normal operation of equipment, extend the life of equipment, save lubricating oil, save energy, and improve economic and social benefits.Transportation and storage management of lubrication.The transportation and storage requirements of lubricating oil mainly include:
(1) Bulk oil products
1. Containers containing and storing lubricating oil must be clean;
2. The transportation and storage of transformer oil and turbine oil require 'special tanks and dedicated lines'; other oil products should be equipped with storage and transportation facilities according to the three major categories of internal combustion engine oil, hydraulic oil and gear oil.
3. Special attention should be paid to preventing the mixing of water and impurities during transportation and storage.
4. The storage period of bulk lubricating oil should generally not exceed half a year.
5. The density of lubricating oil is about 0.75~0.95g/cm. It is lighter than water and insoluble in water. The flash point (opening) of lubricating oil is generally higher than 150 ℃. It is a flammable item. Care should be taken to prevent it during storage and transportation. Outflow pollutes the environment and catches fire.
6. Indicate the product name, brand number, grade, quantity and storage date, etc.
7. In principle, the same oil products produced by different manufacturers cannot be mixed and stored. If mixed storage is not possible, a 'mixing test' should be done first to confirm that there are no adverse reactions before operation.
(2) Barreled oil products
1. Oil loading and unloading trucks are strictly prohibited from rough operations, and oil products must be stacked at an appropriate height to avoid danger or product damage.
2. Special attention should be paid to preventing the mixing of water and impurities during transportation and storage.
3. The storage period of barreled lubricants can be longer than that of bulk lubricants, but generally it should not exceed one year.
4. Different oil products should be stacked separately and clearly marked with product name, brand, grade, quantity, storage, etc. to avoid mistakes during delivery.
Management of lubricating oil usage process
(1) Selection of lubricating oil
Lubricating oil selection is an important part of lubricating oil use and is the key to ensuring reasonable lubrication of equipment and giving full play to the performance of lubricating oil.
1. When selecting lubricating oil, the following three factors should be taken into consideration:
(1) The actual working conditions of the mechanical equipment (i.e. working conditions);
(2) Designation or recommendation from the mechanical equipment manufacturer’s instructions;
(3) Lubricant manufacturer’s specifications or recommendations.
2. Selection of lubricating oil performance indicators
(1) Viscosity Viscosity is an indicator for classifying and grading various lubricating oils, and is of decisive significance for quality identification and determination.The viscosity of the lubricating oil used in the equipment is determined based on the design or calculation data and the relevant charts.
(2) Pour point Pour point is an indirect indicator of the low-temperature fluidity of lubricating oil during storage, transportation and use.Experience has proven that the operating temperature of general lubricants must be 5~10°C higher than the pour point.
(3) Flash point Flash point is mainly an indicator for the storage, transportation and use of lubricating oil. It is also used as an indicator to control the fraction and volatility of lubricating oil during production.The principle of lubricating oil flash point index regulation is to leave a safety factor of 1/2 as specified, that is, 1/2 higher than the actual operating temperature.For example, the maximum oil temperature of the internal combustion engine oil sump does not exceed 120 ℃, so the flash point of the internal combustion engine oil is stipulated to be a minimum of 180 ℃.
(4) There are many selected performance indicators, and there are huge differences among different varieties. Reasonable decisions should be made based on the working conditions of the equipment, the manufacturer's requirements, and the oil product description and introduction.Strive to meet the lubrication technical requirements and be economical and reasonable.
(2) Substitution of lubricating oil
1. Different types of lubricants have their own particularities or differences in performance.Therefore, it is required to select lubricating oil correctly and reasonably, avoid substitution, and do not allow random substitution.
2. Principles of lubricating oil substitution
(1) Try to use the same type of oil or oil with similar performance instead.
(2) The viscosity must be comparable, and the viscosity of the substitute oil cannot exceed ±15% of the original oil.Priority should be given to oils with slightly higher viscosity for substitution.
(3) High quality replaces low quality.
(4) When selecting alternative oil, the environment and operating temperature of the equipment should also be considered.
(3) Mixing of lubricating oils
1. Try to avoid mixing old and new oils of different brands, different manufacturers, and new ones.The following oils cannot be mixed.
(1) Military special oils and oils cannot be mixed with other oils.
(2) Oils with anti-emulsification requirements must not be mixed with oils without anti-emulsification requirements.
(3) Ammonia-resistant turbine oil must not be mixed with other turbine oils.
(4) Anti-wear hydraulic oil containing Zn cannot be mixed with anti-silver hydraulic oil.
(5) Gear oil cannot be mixed with worm gear oil.
2. The following situations can be mixed:
(1) Products of the same manufacturer and similar quality are basically similar.
(2) Products of the same manufacturer but different brands.
(3) For different types of oils, if you know that the two components of the mixture do not contain additives.
(4) There are no abnormal phenomena or obvious performance changes after mixing different types of oil products.
3. There are many types and quantities of additives added to internal combustion engine oil, and their properties vary; you must be cautious when mixing oils whose properties you do not understand.To avoid adverse consequences or even equipment lubrication accidents.
(4) Control of Lubricating Oil Pollution Lubrication accidents are mainly caused by pollution, in addition to improper selection or use of lubricating oil.
1. Substances that contaminate lubricating oil include dust, impurities and moisture.
2. The control of contamination is very important for the anti-wear performance of hydraulic oil, turbine oil, hydrostatic oil film bearing oil and high-speed bearing oil.
3. Measures to control pollution:
(1) Containers for storing and transporting lubricating oil must be clean, sealed, and not in contact with metals such as copper and tin that are prone to oxidation and deterioration of lubricating oil.
(2) Before the oil is added to the equipment, sedimentation filtration must be performed to ensure that the purity reaches level five or above.
(3) The refueling container must not be exposed to the atmosphere, especially the oil container without a cover.
(4) Oil tanks storing lubricating oil must be cleaned regularly and drained in time.
(5) Install an air filter respirator on the oil tank or tank, install a filter with a mesh size of more than 100 and a dust cap at the refueling port, seal all parts properly, and install filters and drain valves at appropriate parts of the lubrication system.
4. Transformer oil and other electrical oils have high moisture requirements, so you should try to change the oil when the weather is dry.And the final oil should be added to the equipment immediately.
(5) Monitoring the usage status of lubricating oil. It is inevitable that lubricating oil will gradually age and deteriorate during use.There are two types of aging and deterioration: one is normal aging and deterioration; the other is abnormal deterioration due to abnormal factors such as water pollution.Monitoring the usage status of lubricating oil can promptly grasp the technical status of the oil, prevent equipment lubrication accidents, and extend the service life of the oil.
1. Monitoring methods
(1) Spot check the operators' implementation of the 'Five Certain' standards for equipment lubrication.
(2) Take samples to observe the appearance of the oil, and check the color, transparency, odor, etc. of the oil.
(3) Regularly measure key physical and chemical indicators that can reflect changes in oil quality such as viscosity, flash point, moisture, acid value (or base value).
(4) If there is no laboratory, moisture popping test and spot test can be carried out.
(5) Use modern instruments for analysis.For example, use an infrared spectrometer to measure changes in additives in oil, and use a ferrograph or ICP emission spectrometer to measure changes in metal abrasive particles or elements in oil.The instrument analysis is fast and accurate, which is of great significance to the lubrication management of large key equipment such as generator sets.
(6) Replacement of lubricating oil. After lubricating oil has been used for a period of time (months, years or even decades), it will gradually deteriorate due to its own oxidation and the influence of external factors during use, and its performance will decrease or change. It must be replaced in a timely manner.
1. Determination of oil change time
(1) Determine the oil change time based on the results of inspection and assessment; but the current difficulty is that there is still a lack of reporting standards for various oil products.
(2) Replace regularly according to the recommendations of the lubricating oil manufacturer and equipment manufacturer and combined with actual use experience.
2. Precautions for oil change
(1) Make the decision to change the oil easily and try to extend the service life of the oil.
(2) Try to change the oil in conjunction with the maintenance period.
(3) Do not discard it easily when changing the oil. If the oil quality is still good, it can be reused or used in secondary equipment after a little treatment (such as sedimentation filtration to remove water impurities).
Waste oil should be collected to facilitate future processing and prevent environmental pollution.Prevent lubricating oil from harming health. Many petroleum products are harmful to the human body. If the skin is not cleaned in time, it may cause dermatitis and pimples in mild cases, and rash or skin tumors in severe cases.If accidentally put into the mouth or inhaled into the body, in mild cases, it may cause gastrointestinal disease or pneumonia, and in severe cases, it may cause cancer. Therefore, extreme care should be taken not to get oil on food, into the respiratory tract, and not to get it all over the body or on the floor. It is oil, which not only causes waste to the country, but also hinders personal hygiene.Animal tests have proven that refined mineral oil lubricants are less toxic, but lubricants with additives are more harmful and must be protected.Even if new oil is non-toxic, deterioration and contamination during use can increase its hazard, so be careful not to get it on your skin, especially if it is inhaled or eaten.If you accidentally get it on your body, rinse it immediately with clean water.Treatment of waste oil The lubricating oil replaced has deteriorated and can only be treated as waste oil. This waste oil should be disposed of properly to avoid environmental pollution.
1. These waste oils should be collected and disposed of in a unified manner. Barrels or bottles containing lubricating oil should not be littered anywhere and should be disposed of in a unified manner and properly to prevent adverse effects on the environment.
2. Used lubricating oil waste, especially lubricating oil containing many additives, is difficult to recycle.But it can generally be burned as fuel oil.